How does an attacker typically execute a DNS attack?

An attacker typically executes a DNS attack by substituting a DNS address. This technique involves redirecting users to malicious websites by altering the domain name system (DNS) resolution process. In a DNS attack, the attacker may compromise a DNS server or manipulate the DNS records to point to an IP address that is under their control.

This substitution can lead to various harmful outcomes, such as phishing attacks where users believe they are visiting a legitimate site, but they are actually being directed to a fraudulent or harmful site. By manipulating DNS responses, attackers can effectively intercept and manipulate user traffic, leading to potential data breaches and other security incidents.

Other methods mentioned, like changing user passwords, encrypting traffic, or blocking all DNS communications, don't directly relate to DNS-based attacks in the same manner. Changing passwords is a common defensive action rather than an attack. Encrypting traffic typically enhances security rather than facilitating an attack, and while blocking DNS communications can disrupt normal operations, it does not represent the method of execution for a DNS attack itself.