What does FileVault do on a MAC system?

FileVault is a security feature provided by macOS specifically designed to encrypt the entire hard drive of a Mac system. This encryption process protects the data stored on the drive, making it inaccessible to unauthorized users. When FileVault is enabled, it utilizes XTS-AES-128 encryption with a 256-bit key, ensuring a high level of security for sensitive information.

The primary purpose of FileVault is to safeguard users' data from potential risks, such as theft or unauthorized access, particularly if the device is lost or stolen. By encrypting the entire disk, FileVault helps ensure that all files and system data are protected as soon as the computer moves into sleep mode or is powered off.

While the other options imply important security functions, they do not accurately describe the specific capabilities of FileVault. For example, encrypting network connections is associated with protocols like VPNs or HTTPS, backing up system files securely relates to solutions like Time Machine, and managing user account passwords typically falls under the purview of the macOS keychain or user account settings. These functionalities are important in their own right but serve different security purposes than what FileVault accomplishes through full-disk encryption.