What technology is primarily used to detect vulnerabilities against applications or computers?

The correct choice focuses on the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as the primary technology for detecting vulnerabilities in applications or computers. IDS is specifically designed to monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and potential threats. It works by analyzing patterns and behaviors within the traffic, allowing it to identify anomalies that may indicate the presence of vulnerabilities or unauthorized access attempts.

An IDS can operate through various methods, including signature-based detection, which relies on known threat signatures, and anomaly-based detection, which identifies unusual behavior based on predefined baselines. This capability is crucial in maintaining security by flagging potential breaches or exploitation attempts before they can cause significant harm.

Other options like Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) and Network-Based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) are specialized forms of IDS that focus on monitoring specific types of environments—HIDS on individual hosts and NIDS on entire networks. While they all serve the purpose of intrusion detection, their scope and method of analysis can be different, making the general ID system the most encompassing answer for detecting vulnerabilities across various systems. An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) goes a step further by not only detecting but also actively blocking threats, focusing more on prevention rather than solely identifying vulnerabilities, which is why it is not the