Who are considered Nation State Actors in cybersecurity?

Nation State Actors in cybersecurity refer to individuals or groups that are affiliated with or supported by a national government and engage in cyber activities that can include espionage, sabotage, or attacks against other nations or their interests. These actors often operate with specific geopolitical agendas, using cyber tools to advance their state’s strategic goals.

Foreign governments attacking local businesses fit this definition well, as such actions are typically motivated by national interests, whether it's to gather intelligence, disrupt economies, or undermine political stability. These activities are usually more systematic and resource-driven compared to other actors, as nation-state actors often have significant access to funding, technology, and expertise.

In contrast, private companies conducting espionage may act out of economic interests but do not represent the interests of a nation-state. Similarly, hacktivist groups are motivated by political causes rather than national agendas, and cybercriminals usually pursue financial gain without allegiance to a state. Therefore, the definition of Nation State Actors is best encapsulated by foreign governments leveraging cyber means to engage in offensive actions against other nations, clearly establishing the reason for selecting that particular choice.